FIRST CONJUGATION

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To the first conjugation belong all monosyllabic infinitive verbs and their compounds. The verbs of the first conjugation are divided into 5 groups.

To the first group belongs verbs

• with the same infinitive, present and past stem, e.g., augt-augu-augu;
• with alternation between closed and opened e, ē, e.g., bēgt-bēgu-bēgu;
• with ī in infinitive stem and in in present and past stems, e.g., mīt-minu-minu;
• with ie in infinitive stem, ej in present stem and ēj in past stem, e.g., liet-leju-lēju;
• with ī in infinitive stem and ij in present and past stems, e.g., vīst-viju-viju;
• with consonant palatalization in the end of root, e.g., nākt-nāku-nācu;

To the second group belongs verbs with alternation of root vowels:

• i-ē-i, e.g., cirpt-cērpu-cirpu;
• i-e-i, e.g., krimst-kremtu-krimtu;
• i-ie-i, e.g., likt-lieku-liku.

To the third group belongs verbs

• with following alternations in infinitive and present roots: a-o-a, i-ī-i, u-ū-u, e.g., rakt-roku-raku, krist-krītu-kritu, just-jūtu-jutu.
• verb tikt;
• with aun, ien in present stem, e.g., siet-sienu-sēju.

To the fourth group belongs verbs

• which ends with j in present root, e.g., glābt-glābju-glābu;
• verbs with infinitive ending in -kt or -gt and c or dz in present and imperfect tenses, e.g., braukt-braucu-braucu;
• with consonant palatalization in the end of root: s-š-t, s-ž-d, s-š-s, z-ž-z, l-ļ-l, e.g., pūst-pūšu-pūtu, laist-laižu-laidu, dzēst-dzēšu-dzēsu, lauzt-laužu-lauzu, celt-ceļu-cēlu.
• verbs which ends with r, e.g., bērt-beru-bēru.

To the fifth group belongs verbs which ends with st in present root, e.g., kļūt-kļūstu-kļuvu.

The verbs of fourth group palatalise the final consonant of stem in present tense only, excepting second person singular.

Verbs which ends with -k, -g in infinitive the -k is palatalized to -c and -g is palatalized to -dz in second person singular, e.g., roc - rok.

The form endings are given in following table

Examples

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